区域公共服务设施优化配置方法研究——以大连市甘井子区兴华街道小学配置为例     

韩增林  杜鹏  王利  于洋  赵东霞  丛迎雪  任启龙 《地理科学》2014,34(7):803-809

利用GIS网络分析技术可真实模拟可达性,实现设施优化布局。以大连市甘井子区兴华街道小学配置为例研究,在借鉴以往研究成果基础上,结合公安部门统计数据,通过实地调研,兼顾流动人口,利用GIS技术构建网络分析数据集,采用最小化阻抗模型和最大化覆盖范围模型比较研究,确定研究区小学配置方案。结论表明,基于最大覆盖范围原则的小学选址更合理。保持区域原有的兴华小学、松江路小学、千山路小学、华中小学和芙蓉小学5 所小学在原区位继续运行,在2 号和45号点位再配置2所小学,较为合理。  相似文献   

黑龙江省三江平原垦区中心城市选择     

李欣  张平宇  李静 《地理科学》2014,34(6):681-686

黑龙江省三江平原垦区是中国耕地规模最大的连片农垦区和第三大区际商品粮供应基地。近年来,随着这一地区工业化和城镇化进程的加快,如何科学的选择和建设区域的中心城市成为该区完善区域城镇体系和推进城镇化进程的紧迫任务和现实课题。基于此,应用改进的引力模型来计算县级单位与农场间的空间联系强度,界定出各县级单位的腹地范围,明确三江平原垦区的中心城市;以各农垦分局为研究单元,研究各农垦分局的碎化程度;通过明确县级单位拥有农场腹地数目,确定各农垦分局的中心城市;结果发现建三江、虎林、富锦、友谊和密山等宜作为三江平原垦区的中心城市;提出通过壮大中心城市的综合实力、推动场县共建和深化对外合作等措施来推动三江平原垦区城镇化进程。  相似文献   

Revisiting and rethinking regional urbanization in Changjiang River Delta, China   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Mark Yaolin WANG 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2012,22(5):617-625

China is entering a critical and accelerating phase of urbanization.As one of the most urbanized regions in China,the Changjiang(Yangtze)River Delta has experienced dramatic urbanization and urban transformation.However,in the recent years,many changes have taken place in this region and there is limited attention to the regional urbanization path evolution,its problems and the way to solve these problems.Therefore,we should revisit the urbanization process in the Changjiang River Delta again.In this paper,we revisited urbanization paths of the Changjiang River Delta by data analysis,influence factors of urbanization by the Gray Relational Analysis,and major challenges to urbanization of the Changjiang River Delta by theoretical considerations.We found that the urbanization of the Changjiang River Delta had experienced several stages of large-scale spatial and urban system restructuring.Within the Changjiang River Delta,Shanghai,Zhejiang and Jiangshu had experienced different urbanization path with local characteristics.But with their development model gradually converging,their urbanization model is also converging.We also found that the major influence factors affecting the Changjiang River Delta urbanization were dynamic change and urbanization was driven by different key factors in different socio-economic development stages.Meanwhile,the Changjiang River Delta urbanization is facing many problems such as existing institutional arrangements,including the hukou(household registration)system and others which can not meet the needs of current socioeconomic development and urbanization.Therefore,it is imperative to promote institutional innovation and adopt a new urbanization development strategy for the sake of the orderly and sustainable urbanization development in the Changjiang River Delta.  相似文献   

Regional Differences of China′s Urban Expansion from Late 20th to Early 21st Century Based on Remote Sensing Information   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1  

Jiyuan Liu  Qian Zhang  Yunfeng Hu 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2012,22(1):1-14

This study investigated the regional differences of China′s urban land expansion from the late 1980s to the year of 2008, based on the spatio-temporal analysis of CLCD (China′s land cover/land use database) datasets which were mainly produced from remote sensing imagery data. A newly defined urbanization level index (UI), based on urban land area, is proposed to describe Chinese urban expansion process at 1 kilometer, provincial, regional, and na-tional scales, together with the absolute urban expansion index (UEa) and the relative urbanization expansion index (UEr). The results indicate that the percentages of total land area occupied by urban in the late 1980s, 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2008 were approximately 0.25%, 0.32%, 0.33%, 0.43% and 0.52% of China′s total land area, respectively. Between the late 1980s and 2008, the total urban expansion in the mainland of China was 2.645 × 104 km2, resulting in an annual urban expansion area of about 1322.7 km2/yr, with the UEr of 111.9%. This study also finds that there has been an obvious spatial gradient of urbanization ratio running from the east coast to the west inland, and the urbanization gaps among different regions have persisted over the past two decades. The study also reveals obvious temporal varia-tions of the urbanization rates. There was very little urban growth during the period of 1995-2000 due to the governmental policy factors.  相似文献   

利用ADS40相机快速生成正射影像图的方法研究     

王明海  耿迅  张军  戈一鸣 《海洋测绘》2012,(3):56-58

介绍了ADS40相机快速生成正射影像图的方法,即利用高精度POS设备能直接定向测图的特点,省去空三T序,利用POS解算出的外方位元素和自动提取的DEM进行正射影像纠正,结合实际生产项目对成图精度进行了分析。试验结果表明,ADS40相机应用于航测生产可大幅度缩短成图周期,利用本文的生产方法可以满足正射影像图精度要求,并节省大量时问,适用于应急测绘保障。  相似文献   

中国城市化过程中生态环境研究的文献计量分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李俊  董锁成  李泽红  万永坤  毛琦梁  黄永斌  王菲 《资源与生态学报(英文版)》2014,5(3):211-221

中国城市化过程中生态环境研究成果丰富,总结其演变过程利于把握该领域现状与趋势。本文从城市化文献视角对中国城市化过程中的生态环境研究在研究成果、研究子领域、研究主题、理论和方法等方面进行总结。结果表明,从2005年起中国城市化文献中关于生态环境的研究呈加速增长的态势;资源领域的国土资源和产业子领域,生态领域内经济子领域和环境领域内气候和城市环境子领域受到了较多的关注;＂土地利用＂和＂热岛效应＂一直是最热的关键词,分别占全部关键词出现频次的0.15%和0.09%,＂热岛效应＂和＂气候变化＂则是近期热点;主要理论涉及生态学、数理模型、资源与环境经济学、环境科学等,其中生态足迹理论从2002年起一直占据主流,STIRPAT模型、环境库兹涅茨曲线等综合理论模型是近期热点理论;依方法来源和主要应用领域将1992-2011年主要方法分为4类,即统计类（65.17%）、系统类（13.11%）、机理类（11.79%）和测评类（9.93%）。灰色系统分析和R/S分析近年来常见的方法。由此得出主要结论：中国城市化研究对城市土地利用、城市热岛、气候变化和水资源等大尺度的生态环境问题更加重视,对城市环境健康等微观尺度生态环境问题关注相对不足;以STIRPAT和多种土地利用变化模型为代表,综合自然和经济理论采用系统建模方法评价和模拟城市化过程中的生态环境效应将是未来研究的重点。  相似文献   

白垩纪快速气候变化研究新进展——温室世界中的冰川证据     

陈曦  王成善  黄永建 《现代地质》2011,25(3):409-418

白垩纪被认为是两极无冰的典型温室气候时期,但近年来对于白垩纪存在短暂冰川甚至是极地冰盖的猜想引起了越来越多的关注。根据前人提出的冰川或气候变冷证据,如冰川遗迹、全球海平面快速下降事件以及δ18O正偏事件等,总结了白垩纪可能存在冰川的时期,包括Berriasian Valanginian之间、Valanginian晚期、Barremiana期、Aptian Albian之交、Albian Cenomanian之交、Cenomanian中期和末期、Turonian中期、Coniacian中期、Santonian早期、Campanian晚期、Campanian Maastrichtian之交和Maastrichtian末期等。对这些证据的有效性进行详细的讨论,同时也对白垩纪冰川的可能成因进行探讨。笔者认为,白垩纪即便存在冰川,也是小规模、短暂地存在,因此,精确的年代学约束是进行白垩纪冰川研究的前提;米兰科维奇旋回控制下的气候波动是白垩纪形成短暂冰川的可能成因。  相似文献   

Numerical Simulation of Rainfall-induced Xianchi Reservoir Landslide in Yunyang, Chongqing, China     

YAN Jinkai  MA Yan  LIU Lei  WANG Zhihui  REN Tianxiang 《《地质学报》英文版》2024,98(2):505-517

A calamitous landslide happened at 22:00 on September 1, 2014 in the Yunyang area of Chongqing City, southwest China, enforcing the evacuation of 508 people and damaging 23 buildings. The landslide volume comprised 1.44 million m3 of material in the source area and 0.4 million m3 of shoveled material. The debris flow runout extended 400 m vertically and 1600 m horizontally. The Xianchi reservoir landslide event has been investigated as follows: (1) samples collected from the main body of landslide were carried out using GCTS ring shear apparatus; (2) the parameters of shear and pore water pressure have been measured; and (3) the post-failure characteristics of landslide have been analyzed using the numerical simulation method. The excess pore-water pressure and erosion in the motion path are considered to be the key reasons for the long-runout motion and the scale-up of landslides, such as that at Xianchi, were caused by the heavy rainfall. The aim of this paper is to acquired numerical parameters and the basic resistance model, which is beneficial to improve simulation accuracy for hazard assessment for similar to potentially dangerous hillslopes in China and elsewhere.  相似文献   

城镇化、市民化与城乡收入差距关系的实证研究——基于山东省时间序列数据及面板数据的实证分析   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

吴先华 《地理科学》2011,31(1):68-73

在区分城镇化与市民化的基础上,通过构建时间序列和面板数据模型,运用格兰杰因果检验、时序序列数据多元回归、面板数据多元回归等多种方法,对城镇化、市民化与城乡收入差距之间的内在关系进行了多重检验。结果显示,城镇化在长期水平上通过影响市民化来缩小城乡收入差距,而在短期水平上则与城乡收入差距呈正向关系,即目前的城镇化发展模式不仅没有缩小城乡收入,相反是在扩大城乡差距,这一结果打破了现有城镇化与城乡收入差距关系的固有认识。而市民化则与城乡收入差距呈长期稳定的负向关系,是缩小城乡收入差距,促进城乡统筹发展的重要途径。因此,应积极转变城镇化的发展模式,将市民化作为统筹城乡发展的根本途径。  相似文献   

城市空间的生产——以近代上海江湾五角场地区的城市化为例   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

张晓虹  孙涛 《地理科学》2011,31(10):1181-1188

城市地区景观的演变反映了人类活动对自然生态格局演替的人为干扰过程。由于人类活动的强度、频度及方式的差异,从半自然的农业生态景观演化为以人工建筑为主的城市生态景观的过程,可能呈现多样化的面貌。利用GIS技术将20世纪上半叶上海江湾五角场地区的土地利用状况逐年复原,发现其景观演变过程表现为由以农业生态景观为主转变为城乡景观杂错分布,并且这一进程因为各种政治事件的影响而呈现出明显的阶段性及空间差异性。揆诸史实,可知上海江湾五角场地区的城市化与城市空间的生产不仅是上海都市政治的产物,更是近代中国城市化的典型。  相似文献